1. PIE (Post-Inflammatory Erythema)
•Cause: Dilated capillaries left after inflammation (often acne).
•Appearance: Pink or red marks.
•Note: They are vascular, not pigment-based.
2. Lentigines (Sunspots / Age Spots)
•Cause: Chronic sun exposure.
•Appearance: Flat brown spots that persist year-round.
•Note: Unlike freckles, they do not fade.
3. Freckles
•Cause: UV light exposure.
•Appearance: Small brown spots that darken with sun and lighten when UV decreases.
4. Melasma
•Cause: Hormonal changes + sunlight.
•Appearance: Irregular brown patches, often on cheeks, forehead, or upper lip.
•Note: Can only be controlled, not fully eradicated.
5. PIH (Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation)
•Cause: Excess melanin after irritation, inflammation, or injury.
•Appearance: Dark brown or gray spots following acne, cuts, burns, etc.
