The Oak Processionary Moth (OPM), scientifically known as Thaumetopoea processionea, is a major concern in British woodlands due to its destructive impact on trees and the risks it poses to ecosystems and human health. Originally from southern Europe, these moths have become a significant threat in the UK.
OPM caterpillars are notorious for their voracious appetite, primarily targeting oak trees but also feeding on other species like birch, willow, hazel, and chestnut. Their feeding behavior leads to rapid defoliation, weakening trees and making them more susceptible to secondary infestations and diseases. This loss of foliage impairs trees' essential functions, resulting in stunted growth, reduced vitality, and increased mortality.
In addition to the damage caused to trees, OPM caterpillars pose risks to human health. Their microscopic, barbed hairs contain a toxic protein called thaumetopoein. Contact with these hairs can trigger severe allergic reactions, dermatitis, itching, rashes, and potentially respiratory problems. It is crucial to avoid direct contact with OPM caterpillars and seek medical attention if any symptoms arise.
Efforts to monitor and control OPM infestations are of utmost importance. Early detection is key in preventing their spread. Surveys by authorities and environmental organisations identify and monitor affected areas. Infested trees are treated with insecticides or biological control agents to reduce the population size and limit the damage.
