Hypothyroidism: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Hypothyroidism occurs when your thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to a slowdown in body functions. It is a common condition, especially in women, and can affect energy, mood, weight, and overall health.
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What Causes Hypothyroidism?
Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto’s disease) – the most common cause
Iodine deficiency or excess
Thyroid surgery or radioactive iodine therapy
Certain medications (amiodarone, lithium)
Pituitary or hypothalamic disorders (rare)
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Common Symptoms
Fatigue, weakness
Weight gain despite no change in diet
Dry skin, hair fall, brittle nails
Constipation
Feeling cold easily
Puffy face, hoarseness of voice
Menstrual irregularities
Depressed mood or slowed thinking
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How is Hypothyroidism Diagnosed?
Blood tests: TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is the most sensitive test
Free T4 (thyroxine) helps confirm the diagnosis
Thyroid antibodies (TPO, TG) may be tested for autoimmune causes
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Treatment of Hypothyroidism
Levothyroxine (synthetic thyroid hormone) is the standard treatment
Dose is individualized based on age, weight, and other health conditions
Take it on an empty stomach, 30–60 minutes before breakfast
Regular monitoring is important – usually every 6–8 weeks initially
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Diet & Lifestyle Tips
Use iodized salt in recommended amounts
Maintain a balanced diet with whole grains, fruits, and lean proteins
