Black triangles are small dark spaces that appear between teeth near the gumline when the gum tissue does not completely fill the area. While they may be mainly cosmetic, they can also indicate gum recession or loss of supporting bone.
Common causes include gum disease, ageing, thin gum tissue, triangular tooth shapes, previous orthodontic movement, aggressive brushing and the shape of existing fillings, crowns or veneers. Because the cause varies, treatment should begin with a careful assessment of the gums, bone levels, tooth position and bite.
Where gum disease is present, stabilising gum health comes first. Once the foundation is healthy, treatment options may include conservative composite bonding, orthodontic refinement, selective enamel reshaping, porcelain veneers or, in suitable cases, gum-focused procedures.
The goal is not simply to fill every visible space. Thoughtful treatment should preserve healthy tooth structure while creating natural proportions between the teeth and gums.
A new or enlarging black triangle, especially with bleeding, sensitivity or bad breath, should always be professionally assessed.
